The Fingering Forum
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Author: Musical Mind
Date: 2003-10-17 04:45
I have recently discovered about how closing and opening keys affect the embouchure and sound. Here's a note that I took myself:
Closing more keys make the flute tube longer, and opening more keys make the flute tube shorter. What this means is that the air has to be more wide to travel into the last closed key of the flute when more keys are closed, and the air has to be more narrow to travel adequately into the flute when more keys are open. The speed of the air will determine the octaves. This does not mean more air but more air pressure. More air is needed when playing loud. The pitch can be controlled by the size of embouchure also, not just the lower jaw. The size of embouchure is in the term of opening mouth, not tightening or widening the corners of the mouth.
Well, I don't know about the last one that I wrote down. I should say that tightening or widening the corners of the mouth is not as important as opening mouth. And I will give you some examples about that closing and opening keys affecting embouchure and sound. When you play the low C, you need a wide embouchure to play that note with a full sound, not overplaying out-of-tune sound. Oh, and you blow more downward. As the notes ascend, you gradually blow more outward (or more forward, straight) with a smaller embouchure and with more air pressure. I think this is because of the enough speed and amount of air needed for each note's flute tube's length. For example, the notes in the second octave like C and C#, and the third octave such as Eb, E, F, and F# are terrible notes to play. They are unusally open, sharp, and unstable as we all know and struggle with. To play those notes in tune and stable, the embouchure should be small (not too tiny for the corners of the mouth), and the airstream should be a little more down than straight and more across the hole. These adjustments will make the air go into the flute not too fast nor too much, and not too less.
And I don't know exactly how the combinations of opening and closing keys produce certain notes like the fingerings of third octave E through C. And Eb is such a weird note. You close all notes except the G# lever left-pinky key and the right-pinky key at the end. Does that mean it has two flute tube lengths?
Well, if you have any comments, answers, or suggestions, I will be very grateful.
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Author: Steven King
Date: 2003-10-21 02:55
I didn't read the entire entry but I do want to say one thing. It does not take more air to play loud!!!! It takes just as much if not MORE!! air to play softly! Also by closing keys that make the notes lower and opening keys make the notes higher. Hence makeing the flute longer/shorter is only a theretically correct not physicaly.
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Author: Musical Mind
Date: 2003-10-22 01:45
Oops, I misunderstood the first part about if playing loud needs more air. So I assume it's all about using diaphragm properly. Please correct me if I am still wrong. And I know that flute should be played softly, not like brass instruments. Noooo.
P.S. Recently, I have been working hard to use my diaphragm properly and I get worned out about after 30 minutes. Is it really that hard?
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Author: Amanda
Date: 2003-10-22 11:57
The flute is all about PROJECTION!!!!!! We play softly AND (very) loudly. What's the fun in playing if you can't really belt during the Hindemith or Prokofiev Sonatas?
And yes, using your diaphragm properly IS that hard, if not harder.
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Author: Musical Mind
Date: 2003-10-23 00:21
Oh, sorry sorry sorry about that. I meant to say that flutes (woodwinds) aren't supposed to be as loud as the brass instruments. (Am I still wrong?)
And yes, I totally agree with you that flute is all about projection. Trevor Wye talked about projection with colour, size, intensity, vibrato, and purity in the Book 1: Tone, which I am working on hard. Thanks.
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Author: musichick
Date: 2003-10-23 01:43
i think thats an awful big generalization. It really depends on the piece of music. What if its a flute conchairdo (yeah, i cant spell). should the flute play softer then the french horns and trumpets?
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Author: Musical Mind
Date: 2003-10-23 22:18
Yeah, I agree. A flutist should play softer than the french horns and trumpets if it was a flute concerto.
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Author: Kevin
Date: 2003-10-28 19:48
Hi.
I am not convinced that all your analysis is really "scientific". I have found the following site very interesting:
http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/~jw/fluteacoustics.html
Introduction to flute acoustics
This introduction to the physics of the flute requires no mathematics beyond multiplication and division, nor any special acoustics knowledge. For some preliminary information about sounds and vibration, read the introduction to How do woodwind instruments work? Some more technical references are listed near the end of this page. Overview
The air jet vibrates
The flute as an open pipe
Harmonics of an open pipe
How the air jet and pipe work together
Tone holes
Register holes
Acoustic impedance
Crossfingering
'Lipping' up and down
The cork and the 'upstream space'
Cut-off frequencies
Frequency response of the flute
More detailed information
Happy reading ...
Kevin
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