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 Re: Clamp that sucker down!
Author: maxopf 
Date:   2015-03-02 10:09
Attachment:  Loose.png (75k)
Attachment:  Medium.png (75k)
Attachment:  Tight.png (75k)

You may have seen a somewhat recent post of mine where I measured the effects of different ligatures on upper harmonics using the Tonal Energy app on my phone. For those who didn't see it, Tonal Energy is an iPhone chromatic tuner app, but it also has a sound analysis that function that, among other things, allows you to judge the loudness (in dB) of your sound's upper harmonics.
After reading a recent thread entitled "Clamp that sucker down!," I decided to do another similar test, this time to judge the effect of the ligature's tightness on the reed's sound.

Process: I positioned the reed on the mouthpiece, placed the first ligature (a VD Optimum w/ vertical rails plate) over the reed, and tightened it just enough that it barely held the reed on. I then played a C below the staff at forte, "paused" the analysis, and took a screenshot. I then repeated this process with the ligature tightened to a moderate tightness and to a greater-than-average tightness, checking the analysis each time to make sure I was playing the fundamental C at the same volume. I repeated the experiment with a Rovner Versa X (metal exposed), a Rovner Dark, and a string ligature, to see if the effects were different for non-metal or semi-metal ligatures.
The mouthpiece used for this was a Clark Fobes CWF, which has a very slightly concave table; I would not be surprised if a mouthpiece with a flat table behaved differently, but I don't have one available to try. Reed used was a Peter Leuthner French Cut Professional #4.

Conclusion: Occasionally a harmonic or two would louden slightly upon tightening the ligature, but the net effect was that tightening the ligature actually damped the majority of the upper harmonics. I have attached images of the diagrams for the Rovner Dark ligature, as they most clearly demonstrated the damping trend. My only background in physics is the high school physics class I'm currently taking, so I can't provide a definitive explanation for why the harmonics are damped upon tightening the ligature. Clearly, though, the bark end of the reed plays some role in the reed's ability to vibrate.

Note: This does not mean you should leave your ligature really loose or really tight; leaving it loose could cause the reed to shift, and leaving it tight could damage the reed or ligature.



Post Edited (2015-03-02 10:17)

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 Re: Clamp that sucker down!
Author: Paul Aviles 
Date:   2015-03-02 13:33

Remember though, during the process of playing there is no inherent problem with a very loose ligature. One only needs to do a quick tighten to take off the mouthpiece for a swabbing (or move to a different clarinet).







..............Paul Aviles



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 Re: Clamp that sucker down!
Author: WhitePlainsDave 
Date:   2015-03-02 21:52

Max:

First off, and as I mentioned when you first did your initial research, cudos to you for at least trying to use science to measure effect, even if your tests were only cursory (not meant snide: you concurred), and a framework upon which further more rigorous study can occur.

The same applies here regarding harmonics and ligature pressure.

Still more, you may completely appreciate already what I am about to say.

It's important to realize that reed vibration, and the ease with which it happens at any given air pressure, as affected by ligature pressure, probably relates to harmonics in complex ways.

Still more, as we both concurred previously, the relationship between harmonics and people's enjoyment of sound is also complex.

In my case, I began comparing a reed to a diving board, trying to find legitimate places where the relationship breaks down, so as to, in part, explain
why what's good for a diving board, and pure physics, may not apply to cane.

Part of the problem could be that if our reed is seen as nothing but a series of tiny pipes at the most granular of levels, then holding those pipes steady at their base might allow them to vibrate most at their tips, but only to the point perhaps where ligature pressure doesn't smush the base of those pipes, or even put those pipes too close to each other(???).

Again--I applaud your and anyone's attempt to determine musical cause and effect between to objectively measureable things, so as to better understand them, and how they relate to each other, if at all.

It's been said that the clarinet only works because it, at some point between mouthpiece and barrel, offers us resistance. Some players like that resistance to happen mostly at the mouthpiece (Richie Hawley), some at the instrument, and some a little of both. Towards this end, perhaps some players keep their ligatures loose so the reed doesn't optimally vibrate--assuming such correlation even exists--so as to achieve their desired resistance to their air pressure they provide at this early stage in the clarinet's pipe.

My own experience suggests maintaining a strong grasp on the reed is best, but that applying pressure beyond that at best I feel doesn't help, and at worst hinders the reed. Still more, I am faced with the reality that my lig must be tight enough to allow quick mouthpiece changes with my "A" clarinet at times, without reed and lig getting fouled up. And I don't believe that the degree to which I tighten the lig to do this hampers play, or hampers play enough, that keeping seperate mouthpieces, reeds, and ligs on each instrument is worth it.

I wonder if a reed has an optimum lig tightness for maximim harmonics though, even despite the fuzzy relationship between harmonics and pleasantness of sound. I would suspect that changes as the reed is played, and across reeds.

I must now return to my self adjusting tightness lig project, which analyzes sound and adjusts pressure constantly and accordingly, complete with the "quick mouthpiece/instrument change override button" for maximim tightness. [wink]

And when I'm not busy with that, (and dare I say, PRACTICE) taking stabs at manufacturer's claims that their ligs allow the reed maximum/optimal ability for the reed to vibrate.



Post Edited (2015-03-02 21:54)

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 Re: Clamp that sucker down!
Author: Bob Barnhart 2017
Date:   2015-03-02 22:07

My BA (not BS) was is Physics with a Music minor, but it was so long ago that I can't claim extensive relevant expertise. Nonetheless, here's an interesting thought experiment:

If we consider the extreme cases (a reed held to the mouthpiece with NO mechanical contact [assuming that were possible]) vs one in which the the reed-ligature-mouthpiece are essentially one mechanical component, I think this makes sense.

If there is nothing mechanically holding the reed to the mouthpiece, then there is no coupling of the reed to anything, and therefore no mechanical damping of the reed from any "clamp" (i.e., only the mass of the reed need be considered), hence nothing to attenuate any of the frequences.

As we tighten the ligature, I believe it has the effect of transforming the reed-ligature-mouthpiece into a single system whose greater aggregate mass has more significant damping characteristics on the reed, hence the increased attenuation of higher harmonics.

Perhaps those with more expertise in acoustics may have a different take on this.

Bob Barnhart

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