Klarinet Archive - Posting 000750.txt from 2003/10
From: Tom.Henson@-----.com
Subj: [kl] Buffet R13 Eb Clarinet
Date: Thu, 30 Oct 2003 11:54:03 -0500
I just purchased a 1962 - 73,000 series Buffet R13 Eb clarinet.
I am not familiar that much with Eb clarinets, and less so with Buffet's. If
any of you on the list is knowledgeable about them, please email me off list
so that I may ask you a couple of questions I have. I do not want to waste
time asking on the list.
Thanks
Tom Henson
Tom.henson@-----.com
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From: "MIT Cables" <newsletter@-----.com>
Subject: MIT Newsletter Vol. 1 No. 3 - Understanding Coaxial Cables
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<title>MIT Cables Newsletter - Volume One, Number Three</title>
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<div style="PADDING-RIGHT: 15px; PADDING-LEFT: 15px; FONT-SIZE: 18px; PADDING-TOP: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
><IMG height=131 alt="" src="http://www.mitcables.com/newsletter/images/winmagnum.jpg" width=148 align=right useMap=#winmagnum border=0>Understanding the Performance<br><strong>RG-6 Coaxial Cables</strong></div>
<div style="PADDING-RIGHT: 15px; PADDING-LEFT: 15px; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
><strong>Are there differences?</strong><br>Is there really a difference between one RG-6 and another? Why should I buy a cable for $0.60/ft when I can get one for $0.09/ft.Should I buy quad-shielded cable instead of dual or single-shielded? I've heard terms like VP, bandwidth, and capacitance used when describing coax cables.What do these terms mean? Do the materials used to construct the cable really effect the performance, and are they worth the extra cost?</div>
<div style="PADDING-RIGHT: 15px; PADDING-LEFT: 15px; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
><strong>The Differences</strong><br>All cables are not created equal. The better the materials, construction techniques and technology-the better the performance. Understanding this is extremely critical,since you can't easily upgrade your cable once it's in the wall. Make sure you get it right the first time, install a cable that provides the best performance. Wiring with the correct product will ensure all of the performance possible and will not limit future system upgrades. This is especially true once you consider the extreme bandwidth demands of modern High-Definition and Digital TV signals.</div>
<div style="PADDING-RIGHT: 15px; PADDING-LEFT: 15px; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
>There are just a few determining factors when it comes to coaxial cable design. But if the proper specifications are not followed, the performance of the cable will suffer. Here is some background technology information on those determining factors and how they effect performance:</div>
<div style="PADDING-RIGHT: 15px; PADDING-LEFT: 15px; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
><strong>Conductors</strong><br>Copper is the best choice due to its high conductivity, affordability and workability. The purer the better, with the standard of at least 99.99% pure. In less expensive cables, copper-clad steel is often used. Steel cables are undesirable due to the increased resistance/impedance created by the steel conductor. Silver is often used, in some more expensive "upgrade" cables (due to its very low resistance/impedance at higher frequencies), but the cost can be prohibitive. For high performance a great alternative to solid silver is silver-clad copper which provides excellent performance at a fraction of the price of pure silver.</div>
<div style="PADDING-RIGHT: 15px; PADDING-LEFT: 15px; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
><strong>Shielding</strong><br>The shielding is what protects the signal from outside interference such as EMI and RFI, while also providing a return for the negative signal back to the source. So, shield materials can have a large effect on performance.</div>
<div style="PADDING-RIGHT: 15px; PADDING-LEFT: 15px; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
><strong>Dual-shield vs. Quad-shield</strong><br>It's really not the number of shields, but how well they cover that really matters. Coverage, and resistance is everything when we consider shielding. The rule is at least 95% coverage copper braid (for low frequency protection) and at least 20° to 30° overlap on the foil shield (for high-frequency protection). Shielding is not cumulative, two braided shields that are 60% and 40% coverage will not give you 100% coverage, the combination can actually only end up to be about 80%, leaving 20% uncovered. Also, more is not necessarily better. Anything more than 100% shielding can be overkill just creating more capacitance, which reduces the bandwidth of the cable, and in turn system performance. Quite often, quad-shielded cables will tend to increase capacitance to such high levels, they will actually reduce the systems overall performance. So, in most cases, a well designed dualshielded cable will work best.This is why most manufacturers top level cables are dual-shielded.</div>
<div style="PADDING-RIGHT: 15px; PADDING-LEFT: 15px; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
><strong>Dielectric Material</strong><br>The primary dielectric is the insulating material that separates the center conductor from the shield. The more air in the dielectric material, the lower the capacitance, and the higher the velocity of propagation (VP). Foamed or gas-injected dielectrics are more costly to manufacture, but are necessary for low capacitance and high velocity of propagation. VP is the speed that the signal travels through the wire and its value is expressed as a percentage of the speed of light. Low capacitance and high velocity of propagation are key for wide bandwidth high-quality video transmission.</div>
<div style="PADDING-RIGHT: 15px; PADDING-LEFT: 15px; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
>Below is a comparison of various cables and their construction.</div>
<div style="PADDING-LEFT: 15px">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="0">
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<td align="left" valign="top" colspan="8"><img src="http://www.mitcables.com/images/shimblack.gif" width="100%" height="1" alt="" border="0"></td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
>Brand</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
>Model</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
>VP</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
>Capacitance</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
>Conductor</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
>Shielding</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
>Dielectric</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" colspan="8" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial" bgcolor="#9bbffb">Monster Cable</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"><img src="http://www.mitcables.com/images/shim.gif" width="25" height="1" alt="" border="0"></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">Monster<br>Satellite</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">74%</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">67pf/m</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">Copper (OFC)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">94% Copper Braid<br>Aluminum Foil</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">Foamed<br>Polyethylene</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" colspan="8" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial" bgcolor="#9bbffb">Coleman</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"><img src="http://www.mitcables.com/images/shim.gif" width="25" height="1" alt="" border="0"></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">E100316<br>HDVT</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">78%</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">57.2pf/m</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">Copper</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">60% Aluminum Braid<br>Aluminum Foil<br>(5° overlap)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">Foamed<br>Polyethylene</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" colspan="8" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial" bgcolor="#9bbffb">Commscope/Liberty</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"><img src="http://www.mitcables.com/images/shim.gif" width="25" height="1" alt="" border="0"></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">C5775</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">76%</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">61pf/m</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">Copper-Clad<br>Steel</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">60% Aluminum Braid<br>Aluminum Foil<br>(10° overlap)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">Foamed<br>Polyethylene</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" colspan="8" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial" bgcolor="#9bbffb">Belden</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"><img src="http://www.mitcables.com/images/shim.gif" width="25" height="1" alt="" border="0"></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">Brilliance<br>8281B</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">66%</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">68.9pf/m</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">Copper</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">98% Dual Copper Braid<br>No Foil</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">Foamed<br>Polyethylene</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" colspan="8" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial" bgcolor="#9bbffb">MIT Cables</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"><img src="http://www.mitcables.com/images/shim.gif" width="25" height="1" alt="" border="0"></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">OneWire<br>RG-6 Silver</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">83%</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">52pf/m</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">Silver-Clad<br>Copper (OFC)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">97% Dual Copper Braid<br>Aluminum Foil<br>(30° overlap)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">Gas-injected<br>Polyethylene</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"><img src="http://www.mitcables.com/images/shim.gif" width="25" height="1" alt="" border="0"></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">OneWire<br>RG-59 Silver</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">82%</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">55pf/m</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">Silver-Clad<br>Copper (OFC)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">95% Dual Copper Braid<br>Aluminum Foil<br>(20° overlap)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" style="FONT-SIZE: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: arial">Gas-injected<br>Polyethylene</td>
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<td align="left" valign="top" colspan="8"><img src="http://www.mitcables.com/images/shimblack.gif" width="100%" height="1" alt="" border="0"></td>
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<div style="PADDING-RIGHT: 15px; PADDING-LEFT: 15px; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 15px; FONT-FAMILY: arial"
><strong>Summary</strong><br>The MIT OneWire cables are two of the very few coaxial cables available on the market today that are truly ready to handle the extreme bandwidth demands of modern High-Definition and Digital TV signals.These high performance double shielded (95-97% tinned-copper braid over 20-30° overlap aluminum foil) cables feature silver-clad and oxygen free copper (OFC) conductors and a gas-injected dielectric that provide very low capacitance, extremely wide bandwidth and a extremely high (83%) velocity of propagation.</div>
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