Klarinet Archive - Posting 000545.txt from 1999/03

From: "Paulette W. Gulakowski" <pollyg@-----.com>
Subj: Re: [kl] Pitch over the years
Date: Tue, 9 Mar 1999 20:20:43 -0500

How did they know for the early years? Are there tuning forks in
existence for those ensembles (as are noted for some)? I don't think
there were scientific instruments capable of measuring back then. Any
information, anyone?
Thanks,
Paulette

On Tue, 09 Mar 1999 14:51:16 -0500 James.P.Reed@-----.net (James P Reed)
writes:
>Trevor Barnes posted this information on the alt.music.saxophone list
>today and I thought some people here might be interested in it.
>
>HISTORY OF PITCH LEVELS IN MUSIC OVER CENTURIES.
>PITCH REFERENCE
>>>From Year 1511 To Present Day .
>Comparison guide - Today's A = 440 Concert pitch (equally tempered
>keyboard scale) from which reference is derived the following:-
>
>Year Pitch of NOTE A
>
>1511 Heidelberg Church 377 Hz
>1648 Paris Church 373.7
>1699 Paris Opera 404
>1700's Old Pitch 422
>1751 Handel's Tuning Fork 422.5
>1810 Paris Opera 423
>1858 Paris Opera (Great Exhibition time) 428
>Scientific Pitch Obsolete 430.54
>1990 Rudolph Steiner Revived pitch. 432
>1826 London Philharmonic 433
>1859 French Government 435
>1891 Normal Continental 435
>1896 Normal Continental 435
>1896 Philharmonic Society R.A.M. 439
>1925 British Standard
> American Federation of Musicians
> American Music Industry
> Universal Low Pitch
> American Standard 1939 International
> Conference 440
>1930's Medium Old Royal Society Arts 444
>
>1879 Covent Garden Opera 450
>1920 Kneller Hall Pitch (Military) 452
>1930's English Old Philharmonic Concert 454
>
>1361 Halberstadt Organ 505.8
>1619 North German Organ 567.3
>
>1833-1834
>Weimar 424
>Stuttgart 440
>Berlin 437 442
>Vienna 439 434 445
>Paris 430 435 443
>1858 Toulouse 437
>Bordeaux 443
>Marseilles 446
>Lille 452
>Paris 444 448 435
>London 455 443
>Brussels 445
>Budapest 446
>Madrid 444
>St Petersburg 436 451
>Naples 445
>
>1859 435-452
>1875-1885
>1874-76 London 454
>1877 Wagner Festival 455
>1877-80
>London Covent Garden Harmonium 1 449
> 2 447
> Organ 441
>Education Orchestra 450
>1880 Erard Piano tuning 455
>Steinway in London 455
>Covent Garden tuning fork to tune orchestra 435
>1878 Vienna Opera House 447
>according to Ulmann
>1876 Brussels proposed by Meerens 432
>1878 Dresden 439
>1880 Boston tuning fork for orchestra 448
>made up of Germans
>1880 Cincinnati 456
>1880 New York tuning pitch of Steinway 457
>1879 Hamburg Opera House 446
>
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